TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Diabetes in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19
AU - Abu-Farha, Mohamed
AU - Al-Mulla, Fahd
AU - Thanaraj, Thangavel Alphonse
AU - Kavalakatt, Sina
AU - Ali, Hamad
AU - Abdul Ghani, Mohammed
AU - Abubaker, Jehad
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2020 Abu-Farha, Al-Mulla, Thanaraj, Kavalakatt, Ali, Abdul Ghani and Abubaker.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), known as a highly contagious disease, currently affecting more than 200 countries worldwide. The main feature of SARS-CoV-2 that distinguishes it from other viruses is the speed of transmission combined with higher risk of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). People with diabetes mellitus (DM), severe obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension are more likely to get infected and are at a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Among elderly patients who are at higher risk of death from COVID-19, 26.8% have DM. Although the reasons for this increased risk are yet to be determined, several factors may contribute to type-2 DM patients’ increased susceptibility to infections. A possible factor that may play a role in increasing the risk in people affected by diabetes and/or obesity is the impaired innate and adaptive immune response, characterized by a state of chronic and low-grade inflammation that can lead to abrupt systemic metabolic alteration. SARS patients previously diagnosed with diabetes or hyperglycemia had higher mortality and morbidity rates when compared with patients who were under metabolic control. Similarly, obese individuals are at higher risk of developing complications from SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will explore the current and evolving insights pertinent to the metabolic impact of coronavirus infections with special attention to the main pathways and mechanisms that are linked to the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes.
AB - COVID-19 is a disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), known as a highly contagious disease, currently affecting more than 200 countries worldwide. The main feature of SARS-CoV-2 that distinguishes it from other viruses is the speed of transmission combined with higher risk of mortality from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). People with diabetes mellitus (DM), severe obesity, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension are more likely to get infected and are at a higher risk of mortality from COVID-19. Among elderly patients who are at higher risk of death from COVID-19, 26.8% have DM. Although the reasons for this increased risk are yet to be determined, several factors may contribute to type-2 DM patients’ increased susceptibility to infections. A possible factor that may play a role in increasing the risk in people affected by diabetes and/or obesity is the impaired innate and adaptive immune response, characterized by a state of chronic and low-grade inflammation that can lead to abrupt systemic metabolic alteration. SARS patients previously diagnosed with diabetes or hyperglycemia had higher mortality and morbidity rates when compared with patients who were under metabolic control. Similarly, obese individuals are at higher risk of developing complications from SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we will explore the current and evolving insights pertinent to the metabolic impact of coronavirus infections with special attention to the main pathways and mechanisms that are linked to the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes.
KW - angiotensin converting enzyme2 (ACE2)
KW - coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
KW - Furin
KW - interferon induced membrane (IFITM3)
KW - metformin
KW - serine 2 (TMPRSS2)
KW - transmembrane protease
KW - type 2 diabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097609270&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576818
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.576818
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33335527
AN - SCOPUS:85097609270
VL - 11
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
SN - 1664-3224
M1 - 576818
ER -