TY - JOUR
T1 - Prediabetes and risk of diabetes and associated complications
T2 - Impaired fasting glucose versus impaired glucose tolerance: does it matter?
AU - Abdulghani, Muhammad
AU - Defronzo, Ralph A.
AU - Jayyousi, Amin
PY - 2016/9/1
Y1 - 2016/9/1
N2 - Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the distinct metabolic and pathophysiologic phenotype of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and the subsequent clinical implications with regard to future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular risk. Recent findings Both IFG and IGT manifest the two core defects of T2DM, that is, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. However, the site of insulin resistance and shape of β-cell dysfunction differ. These distinct metabolic and pathophysiologic phenotypes explain the greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with an increase in the 2-h plasma glucose concentration, that is, IGT compared with an increase in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration, that is, IFG. Moreover, the increase in future T2DM risk in IFG study participants is, at least in part, explained by the strong correlation between the increase in FPG and the increase in 2-h plasma glucose concentration. Summary Last, recent studies have reported the presence of diabetic microvascular complications, that is, retinopathy and neuropathy, at the IGT stage. Thus, a glucose load (e.g. oral glucose tolerance test) is required in study participants with elevated FPG concentration to accurately assess their future risk for T2DM, as well as their risk for CVD to identify the subgroup of IFG who are at greater risk and subject them to an intervention program to decrease their future T2DM and CVD risk.
AB - Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize the distinct metabolic and pathophysiologic phenotype of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and the subsequent clinical implications with regard to future type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular risk. Recent findings Both IFG and IGT manifest the two core defects of T2DM, that is, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. However, the site of insulin resistance and shape of β-cell dysfunction differ. These distinct metabolic and pathophysiologic phenotypes explain the greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with an increase in the 2-h plasma glucose concentration, that is, IGT compared with an increase in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration, that is, IFG. Moreover, the increase in future T2DM risk in IFG study participants is, at least in part, explained by the strong correlation between the increase in FPG and the increase in 2-h plasma glucose concentration. Summary Last, recent studies have reported the presence of diabetic microvascular complications, that is, retinopathy and neuropathy, at the IGT stage. Thus, a glucose load (e.g. oral glucose tolerance test) is required in study participants with elevated FPG concentration to accurately assess their future risk for T2DM, as well as their risk for CVD to identify the subgroup of IFG who are at greater risk and subject them to an intervention program to decrease their future T2DM and CVD risk.
KW - complications
KW - impaired fasting glucose
KW - impaired glucose tolerance
KW - prediabetes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84978148244&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000307
DO - 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000307
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84978148244
VL - 19
SP - 394
EP - 399
JO - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
JF - Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
SN - 1363-1950
IS - 5
ER -